Context: Recently, Australia has loosened its eligibility criteria for the military to enable permanent residents to serve.

Key Points: 

• Australia is facing a shortage of military personnel and has announced it will open recruitment to permanent residents from Five Eyes countries (US, UK, Canada, New Zealand) who have resided in Australia for at least 12 months.
• Australia's Defence Force is facing a shortfall of approximately 4,400 personnel, hindering its ability to meet national security objectives.
• Previously, only Australian citizens were eligible to serve in the military. This change allows permanent residents from trusted Five Eyes nations to contribute to Australia's defence.      
• In recent years, Australia has increased defence spending to buy fleets of submarines, jets, and numerous fighting vehicles to address rising regional tensions. However, it faces challenges in recruiting sufficient pilots, mariners, and troops to operate and maintain this equipment. 

Potential Benefits:

• Increased recruitment pool to address the personnel shortage.
• Access to a wider range of skills and experience.
• Strengthening ties with Five Eyes partners.

Potential Concerns:

• Security risks associated with non-citizens accessing sensitive information.
• Maintaining the national identity and loyalty of the military.  

Five Eyes (FVEY) 

It is an intelligence alliance comprising five countries:

• Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States

Origins and Purpose:

• It was formalized in the post-war era through the UKUSA Agreement (1946), focusing on cooperation in signals intelligence (SIGINT), which includes intercepting and analyzing electronic communications.

Benefits of the Alliance:

• Enhanced national security for member countries through shared threat assessments and coordinated responses.
• Increased efficiency and effectiveness of intelligence gathering due to combined resources and  expertise.
• Improved ability to counter-terrorism, cyber threats, and other global security challenges.