SYLLABUS

GS-2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.  

Context: The UN Security Council has adopted a draft resolution endorsing Trump’s Gaza peace plan and authorising the establishment of an International stabilisation force in the enclave. 

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• The U.S.-drafted resolution was adopted by the 15-member Council with 13 votes in favour, none against, and abstentions from China and Russia.
• It endorsed Mr. Trump’s Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict, which proposes transforming Gaza into a “deradicalized, terror-free zone” that poses no threat to its neighbours and supports redevelopment for its residents.
• The resolution welcomed the creation of a Board of Peace (BoP), a transitional body with international legal status tasked with setting the framework and coordinating finance for Gaza’s reconstruction.
• Israeli forces will reposition to an agreed line ahead of a planned hostage release. All military operations, including air and artillery strikes, will pause, and existing battle positions will remain unchanged until the conditions for a full, phased withdrawal are fulfilled.
• India supports the Gaza peace plan and seeks an end to the Ukraine conflict, emphasizing the impact of wars on global security.

Key Provisions of the Peace Plan

• The peace plan calls for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and a freeze on military operations by both Israel and Hamas.
• The plan calls for the deployment of an International Stabilisation Force (ISF) in Gaza.
• The framework sets guidelines for humanitarian aid, reconstruction of civilian infrastructure, and international monitoring to ensure compliance.
• It proposes future bilateral and multilateral talks involving key stakeholders from the Middle East and global powers.
• The plan outlines a “Trump economic development plan” to rebuild Gaza, drawing on Middle East urban development expertise.
  o It also proposes a special economic zone with “preferred tariff and access rates,” and affirms that no one will be compelled to leave Gaza, with freedom for those who do to return.

Key Challenges in Peace Plan 

• Hamas rejected the resolution, saying peace plan fails to meet Palestinians’ rights and demands and seeks to impose an international trusteeship on the enclave that Palestinians and resistance factions oppose.
• The plan offers no timeline for its lofty goals, neither it specifies which countries would contribute troops to the ISF, nor does it clarify who would oversee the implementation process or the “reforms” within the Palestinian Authority.
• The plan allows the Israeli troops to retain “a security perimeter” while Hamas has to demobilise itself.
• Palestinians will be excluded from the top decision-making bodies until “reforms of the Palestinian Authority are complete”.

Sources:
The Hindu
The Hindu